Sliding hinge casement window structure



May 13, 1952 s. POTTS SLIDING HINGE CASEMENT WINDOW STRUCTURE 4Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed June 20, 1946 MEN/A41 26 INVENTOR.

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SLIDING HINGE CASEMENT WINDOW STRUCTURE Filed June 20, 1946 I 4Sheets-Sheet 2 w 40 6X INVENTOR. jfl/WUEZ. A. P0773 I 30 I I BY 55 V NMWfiW May 13, 1952 s. POTTS 2,596,433

SLIDING HINGE CASEMENT WINDOW STRUCTURE Filed June 20, 1946 90 FIG. IO.

4 Sheets-Sheet 3 FIG.I2.

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May 13, 1952 s. POTTS SLIDING HINGE CASEMENT WINDOW STRUCTURE 4Sheets-Sheet 4 F IE IS.

Filed June 20, 1946 W G F. F i 2 1 w w G W H INVENTOR. Jfl/WVEL .4; P0773 Patented May 13, 1952 UNITED STATES ATENT OFFICE SLIDING HINGECASEMENT WINDOW STRUCTURE Samuel L. Potts, Detroit, Mich.

Application June 20, 1946, Serial No. 678,097

- 12 Claims.

, 1 "This invention relates to window constructions and moreparticularly'to a casement window structure employing one 'o'rmore pairsof hingedsashes capable of swingable and slidable movement in the windowframe.

' An important object of this invention is to provide-a novel windowstructure employing hinged sashes capable of movement from closedposition to opened position with ease and rapidity and'of retainingtheir adjusted position without being moved in either direction by thewind. Another object of this invention is to provide a novel doublecasement window structure composed "ofinner andouter sashes whicheffectively insulates the window and permits the use of a screen betweenthe inner and outer sashes which is retained in place in whateverposition the sashes are moved.

A further object of this invention is to provide an'irnproved ballbearing support for slidably guiding the sashes for movement in theframe from one side to the other thereof and providing "lateral swingingmovement of the sashes fromthe plane of the window frame. A stillfurther object of the invention is to pro vide improved sliding hingesfor supporting the windowsashes in their movement in the window frame.

More particularly an important feature of this invention is to provide anovel casement window structure having an improved means of constructionfor guiding the sashes in their opening and closing movements. Thismeans comprises rollers orspherical bearings movable in tracks in thewindowframe which not only take the load of thesashes but also provide africtionless contact laterally with the sides of the track. Anotherobject of the invention is to provide an improved track and roller guidefor the sashes of certain types of double casement windows in whichasingie member is shaped in a novel manner to function as a track forboth the inner andouter sashes.

Anovel feature (if the invention isthe arrangement of parts" so that thehinges and the hinge pins are enclosed and made inaccessible from theoutside of the window, but when desired enable the sashes to be readilyremoved from the inside of the window without difficulty. A furtherobject of the invention is to provide a novel air and weather sealcompletely around the window frame and between the sashes which in thewindow closed position provides a sealed dead-air space between innerand outer sashes, insulating the window and preventing frosting andcondensation on the window panes.

An important feature of this invention is the construction of the partso'f'the window in order to reduce the cost of manufacture, assembly'andinstallation of the completely assembled win dow structure in an openingin a building. The parts of the structure made in accordance with thisinvention are s'imple'in design and can be quickly shaped and accuratelyassembled and installed. A further feature of the inventio'nis theability to manufacture the double casement window structure separatelyas a unitand to shape and install the unit without difii'culty in a wallopening. The entire window unit can be factory assembled and deliveredto the building for installation in a wall opening by carpenters in oneoperation.

Various other objects, advantages, and meritorious features will becomemore fully apparent from the following specification, appended claims,and accompanying drawings wherein:

Fig. 1 is an outside elevation of a casement window structure of thisinvention showing same installed in a wall opening,

Fig. 2 is a vertical cross sectional View of the easement windowstructure of Fig. 1 along line 2-2 of Fig. 1, i

Fig. 3 is a detailed enlarged sectional view along line 33 of Fig. 1,

Fig. 4 is a horizontal sectional view along line 5-4 of Fig. 3,

Fig. 5 is a horizontal sectional view of the installed window structureof Fig. 1 along line 5-5 of Fig. 1, showing the adjustable sashes invarious adjusted"positions,

Fig. 6 is a detailed view of alocking mechanism for the sashes of thewindow structure of this invention,

Fig. '7 is a detailed vertical sectional view along line 'l--'| of Fig.3,

Fig. 8 is a horizontal sectional View along line 8-8 of Fig. 7, I

Fig. 9 is a detailed view ofv a combination hinged pin and lockingmechanism for the sashes,

Fig. 10 is an outside elevation of a metal window structure utilizingthe principles of this invention,

Fig. 11 is a broken vertical sectional view along line iill of Fig. 10,

Fig. 1.2 is a detailed horizontal sectional view along line i2i2 of Fig;10;

Fig. 13 is a detailed horizontalsectional view along line 53- 13 of.Fig. 10'rotate'd clockwise and showing the manner in which the hinges ofthe sashesen'gage the seal,

Fig. 14 is detailed horizontal sectional view along line i il i of Fig.rotated 90 clockwise,

Fig. is an enlarged detail view of one corner of a sash of Fig. 10partly broken away to show the connection of the sash hinge to the sashcaster,

Fig. 16 is a horizontal sectional view along line lil5 of Fig. 15 partlybroken away to show the action of the rollers in the closing movement ofthe sash,

Fig. 17 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of the upper end of thewindow frame and sash showing one method of forming a seal at the top toprevent water drip,

Fig. 18 is a fragmentary view in elevation of one form of thecombination sash hinge and looking mechanism, and

Fig. 19 is a fragmentary view similar to Fig. 18 showing another form ofsash locking mechanism.

The invention as exemplified herein is applied to two types of casementwindow structures, one relating to wooden structure and the other ofmetal structure. Figs. 1 to 9 inclusive relate to casement windowstructures formed in the main of wooden materials and Figs. 10 to 19inclusive relate to structures formed of metal parts.

Referring to the invention illustrated in Figs. 1 to 9, referencenumeral Hi indicates a fragmentary portion of a building wallsurrounding a window opening [2 in which is installed a wooden doublecasement structure of this invention. The window structure comprises anouter pair of sashes l ilfl similar in construction to one another andeach occupying in closed position substantially one half of the window,and an inner pair of sashes 16-46 of like construction similarlyoccupying the window opening area. that in closed position asillustrated in Figs. 2 and 5 they are slightly spaced apart in parallelplanes. Between the two pairs of sashes is preferably disposed atwo-sectional window screen I8 which extends across the entire area ofthe window opening. The sashes are mounted for opening movement awayfrom the plane of the window on either side of the'screen and the lattermay therefore be retained permanently in place regardless of whether thesashes are opened or closed. As customary, each sash carries a windowpane indicated at 20 which may be entirely of one piece or subdividedinto sections in the manner illustrated in Fig. 10. The bottom of thewindow opening carries an outer sill member 22 over which the outersashes swing and an inner stool member 2e over which the inner sashesswing.

The adjacent or substantially abutting edges of each pair of sashes [4-43 and lG-Hi are hinged together as indicated at 25 and 21 respeetivelyin Figs. 5 and 9. This enables the sashes to swing outwardly away fromtheplane of the window and fold or collapse upon one another in themanner shown in dotted outline in Fig. 5. At the outer ends or cornersof the top and bottom portions of the sashes are improved bearingassemblies or casters for slidably guiding these ends in tracks providedalong the top and bottom margins of the window opening. These trackspreferably extend the width of the window opening from one side to theother and thereby enable each pair of sashes to not only fold upon oneanother but also to be shifted in a folded state from one side of thewindow opening to the other.

4 Mounted upon one of the sill members, in this instance the sill member22, and in the plane of I the screen is a channel shaped metal memberThe two pairs of sashes are arranged so 28 arranged with the bottomthereof bearing upon the sill and having such a width that the sideflanges 30-30 of the member substantially abut the inner surfaces of thesashes when the latter are moved to closed position. A similar channelshaped member extends along the top or head of the window opening andsince it correspond exactly with the bottom channel member the samereference numerals will apply thereto. The two channel members extendthe width of the window opening and form top and bottom tracks for thesliding casters that carry the sashes in their opening and closingmovements.

Extending longitudinally of each channel shaped member 28 andsubstantially mid-way between the side flanges 30-30 thereof is aseparator member or filler 32 formed either of metal or wood which asillustrated in Figs. 2 and 3 may have a substantially square crosssectional dimension. The screen I8 as previously described is dividedinto two sections each of which is enclosed between outer and innerframes 34-345. The screen sections are preferably mounted for inwardswinging movement about vertical axes along the sides of the windowstructure as shown by the hinges at 35 in Fig. 5. The screen sectionsare foreshortened in their vertical dimensions so that they may bereceived between the top and bottom filler members 32 with a close fitin the manner illustrated in Fig. 2. Preferably a metal plate 36 in Fig.8 is provided along the outer surface of each filler member and the topand bottom frame sections of the screen are received upon these platemembers. These plates 36 are shown with a lateral dimension greater thanthe filler members so that they extend beyond the members on either sidethereof but terminate short of the sashes. Any suitable means may beused to secure these elements together. Preferably the plates arecountersunk at spaced intervals, and as shown in Fig. 8, a screw member38 is received in each countersunk portion and extends through the plate36, filler member 52, and through the base of the channel member 23 intothe adjacent structure of the surrounding wall of the window frame. theelements may be quickly assembled and installed in the window opening bythe simple expedient of threading the screw members into place. Ifdesired, for ready removal of the plates 36 for cleaning purposes,fastening means other than the screws 38 may be used for separatelysecuring the plates to the filler members.

The channel member 28 in cooperation with the centrally located fillermembers 32 and the plates 36 form a pair of parallel tracks along thetop and bottom of the window frame, one track of the top and bottomchannel members serving as a guide for the outer pair of sashes i il4and the other track of the top and bottom channel members serving as aguide for the inner pair of sashes l6-l6. Slidable in these tracks areguide blocks or casters which are attached by means of hinge assembliesto the outer corners of the sashes to provide the movement of the sashesin the manner previously described. One such block or caster isassociated with each outer corner of each pair of sashes and since allthese blocks are similarly constructed and attached to their respectivesashes the description of one will apply to all.

Referring to Figs. 7 and 8, each guide block or In this manner allcaster-comprises an elongated member preferably formed of metal having awidth somewhat less than the space between filler member 32 and trackflange 30 in which it is received as shown in Fig. 8. Opening out of theedge of the block adjacent to the base of the channel member in which itrides are a plurality of ball receiving recesses 42. Two such recessesare illustrated in the guiding block of Fig. 7 but it is understood thatmore of such recesses may be utilized if desired. Received within eachrecess is a spherical roller or ball bearing 44 which is of such a sizeas compared to the recess that it projects downwardly out through theopening of the recess into engagement'with the bottom of the trackmember 28 in which the guiding block is received. The recesses 42 ofeach guiding block or caster not only open out through the bottom facethereof but also laterally out of both sides of the block as indicatedin Figs. 7 and 8. The rollers or balls :4 have such a diameter thatperipheral parts thereof project laterally from both sides of the blockas well as from the bottom side. The balls are therefore capable ofbearing not only upon the bottom parts of the channel members 28 butalso upon the adjacent side flange 30 thereof and the side faces of thefiller member 32 attached to the channel member.

Preferably the diameter of each ball is slightly less than the distancebetween the side faces of the filler member and the inside faces of theflange 3%! so that a slight clearance is provided either on one side ofthe ball or the other in the guideway as indicated in Fig. 8. As aresult of this construction the relation of the balls to the guideblocks and the tracks is such that frictionless movement is provided notonly along the bases of the channel members but also laterally along theside flanges 30 and the side faces of the filler members 32. Thisfreedom of movement allows the sashes to travel along the tracks underlight pressure and without binding.

As previously mentioned, the guiding blocks or casters 4!] are attachedby hinge assemblies to the outer corners of each pair of sashes. Oneguiding block or caster is provided for each corner and for each pair ofsashes there are four such casters. To permit the lateral swingingmovement of the sashes the guiding blocks or casters are attachedthereto by hinge assemblies having their pivotal axes extending invertical direction. Referring to Figs. 4 and 8 each hinge assemblycomprises a pair of hinge leafs one of which is attached to the adjacentguiding block and the other to the corner faces of the sashes. For theinner pair of sashes l6l6 the hinge leafs engaging the outer corners ofthe sashes are indicated by reference numeral 46 and they are secured byany suitable means such as screws 48 to the room side of the corners ofthe sashes IS. The knuckle of each hinge assembly is indicated at 56.The hinge leafs attached to the guiding blocks are indicated byreference numeral 52 and they are shaped as shown in Fig. l to extendaround the outer corners of the sashes to a position bearing against theside of the caster block 36 with which they are associated. Rivets 54are used to secure these leafs or plates to the guiding blocks orcasters in the manner illustrated in Fig. 8. The hinge pins extendingthrough the knuckles 5B are indicated at 55 and serve to couple the twohinge leafs 46 and 52 of each assembly together as in conventionaldoorhinges. It is noted that the hinge pins 56 for the inner pair of sashesare located in exposed position on the room side of these sashes. Thesehinge pins are easily retractable to remove the sashes from the frame.

For the outer 'pair of sashes l4-|4 a slightly diiferent arrangement ismade in order to position the hinge leafs and the hinge pins in aposition inaccessible from the outside of the window opening. The hingepin 58 of each. hinge assembly on the outer pair of sashes is located atthe inner corner or room side of the sash as indicated inFig. 4. Onehinge leaf 60 of the assembly is secured to the guiding block or caster3B for thatparticular corner of the sash such as by riv'ets'BZ in themanner previously described for the inner pair of sashes. The otherhinge leaf 64 is secured by screws 66 or other suitable fastening meansto the inner side of the sash M as indicated in Fig. 4. In the Windowclosed position thetwo hinge leafs 60 and 64 extend in juxtapositionparalleling the plane of the sash. It is to be especially noted that thehinge leafsand pins 58 for the outer pair of sashes are concealed andinaccessible from the outside when the sashes 14-14 are in closedposition. This serves to prevent any unauthorized tampering with thehinge pin in an attempt to gain access to the room through the Windowopening. If desired, for the sake of appearance, the hinge assembly forthe inner pair of sashes maybe constructed and mounted like that shownfor the outer pair'of sashes thereby concealing the hinge'plates andpins from room view.

Theimproved construction of the hinge assembly is such'a's to reenforceand make more rigid the corner joints of each sash by overlapping thejoints with the hinge leaf of each assembly. The inneran'd outer pairsof sashes may be removed easily for painting, replacing broken glass, orfor any other reason, by simply removing the hinge pins. This can bedone easily when the sashes are in open position. Although a singleouter and inner pair of sashes are shown in the illustrated embodimentof the invention herein,'it is understood that multiples of pairs ofsashes, such as two orthree pair or more, may be used in long wallopenings such as to enclose large porches or otherspaces. When it isdesired to open a perch on which multiples of pairs of these sashes areused, all the sashes may be folded'together at one end of the porch orleft at any convenient place on the tracks.

A feature of the invention is the provision for locking the sashes andparticularly the inner pair lE-ifi in closed position. This isaccomplished by having the hinge assembly 21 which joins the twosashes'together to also serve as the locking mechanism. Referring toFig. 9 the hinge assemblyis generally indicated at 21'. The two hingeleafs of the assembly are disposed on the outer edges of the sashes andare therefore not visible from the room side. However, the adjacentedges of the sashes are slightly spaced a art for atleast a part oftheir vertical length and the overlapping sections or knuckles; it ofthe hinge leafs are partially exposed there through. The hinge pinenclosed by these overlapping knuckles is indicated at it. It is mountedwithin the encircling knuckles T0 for vertical reciprocating movementand is adapted in its lowermost position to be received within therecess 14 formed in the striking plate 36. In this position the hingepin locks the sashes against any swinging movement. To raise the pin andthereby release the sashes for opening two or more of the overlappingknuckles 10 are cut awayto form a vertical elongated slot It. Extendingthrough the slot and fixed to the hinge pin I2 is a handle member 78which when lifted raises the pin from its locked position. The hinge pintherefore has the dual function of providing pivotal swinging movementof the sashes and of locking the sashes in closed position in theopening.

Although a similar provision may be made locking the upper ends of theinner sashes I6I6 the type of lock illustrated in Fig. 6 may beemployed. It consists of a handle member 80 pivoted to onev of thesashes and adapted when the sashes are closed to swing into engagementwith a slot in a bracket 82 secured to the head of the window structure.

Another feature is the provision of sealing means which extendscompletely around the window structure when the sashes are in closedposition and forms an air-tight seal which effectively insulates thedead-air space between the outer and inner pair of sashes. This novelprovision consists of chamfering or beveling the edges of the two pairsof sashes on the sides thereof facing toward one another and locating inthe places thus provided any suitable weather sealing material.Referring particularly to Fig. 3 the bottom edges of the two opposedsashes I4 and I5 are shown similarly chamfered or beveled at 85. Thisprovides a triangularly shaped space along the bottom edges of thesashes when the sashes are moved to closed position. In these triangularareas there are located sealing members which in the closed position ofthe sashes are compressed thereby forming an air-tight seal between sashand window frame. The sealing members preferably consist of elongatedcords or ropes 86 of yield,- a-ble weather resisting material which aretacked or otherwise secured to the sill members 22 and 2A. This form ofsealing not only extends along the bottom of the window structure butalso around the two sides of the sash as indicated in Fig. 5 and acrossthe top of the window opening. Where the form of exposed hinge 46, 52and 56 is used, the window frame opposite the hinge leafs 52 may berecessed to receive the weather strip 86 as shown in Figure 4. Also asimilar weather stripping is carried on one of the middle hinged sidesof each pair of sashes as shown at 88 in Fig. 5 which in closed positionof the sashes is adapted to be engaged by the other sash and compressedthereby forming a sealing along the substantially abutting edgesthereof. As a result, in the closed position of the inner and outerpairs of sashes an insulated dead air space is provided between the twopairs of sashes which effectively prevents the transmission of heat,dust, and moisture from either the room side or the outside of thewindow structure.

In the modification of the invention illustrated in Figs. to 19, thecasement window structure is formed of metal parts. The arrangement isgenerally similar to the modification of the invention previouslydescribed. Referring to Fig. 10, the outer pair of sashes 9U90 isillustrated in elevation. These sashes are hinged together along theiradjacent edges for outward swinging movement similar to the sashes Il-l4 previously described. On the room side of the outer pair of sashesis an inner pair of sashes 9292, one of which is shown in Fig. 11, whichcorrespond to the pair of sashes I5IB in the previous modification ofthe invention. The inner pair of sashes are capable of inward swingingmovement about a vertical hinge connecting their adjacent edges. Inclosed position the two pairs of sashes in Fig. 11 form a dead air spacetherebetween similar to the sashes I 4-44 and Ifi-IG, and atwo-sectional sectional screen of the type previously described may beinstalled therebetewen as shown. The window area of each sash may besubdivided as shown in Fig. 10 by a plurality of horizontal and verticalmuntin bars 84 and glass panes 96 provided in each subdivided area. Themembers or rails forming the frame of the inner and outer pair of sashesand 92 are'formed of metal as previously described and are similarlyshaped with the cross sectional configuration shown in Fig. 11. Theglass panes 96 are secured to these rails and muntin bars 94 by theusual putty securing means indicated at 98.

The adjacent edges of each pair of sashes are hinged together aspreviously mentioned and the preferred form. of hinge assembly which isadapted for both inner and outer pairs of sashes is that shown in Fig.12. The hinge assembly for each pair of sashes includes the hinge leafsI02 and I 02 each secured to the adjacent edge of the two sashes and thehinge pin ltd. The hinge assemblies extend for part of the verticallength of the sashes and unless the sashes are abnormally high, twohinge assemblies, one at the top and one at the bottom. are sufiicientas shown. Running the entire length of the inner and outer sashesbetween the adjacent edges thereof including the areas between the hingeassemblies and beyond the ends of the hinge leafs are strips of weatherresisting yieldable material such as the rubber strips I06. These stripsare compressed between the edges of the sashes when they are swung toclosed position. Either one of the sashes of each pair of sashes maycarry this rubber stripping or if desired each sash may carry alongitudinal section of the stripping arranged so that the sectionscompressibly abut one another when the sashes are moved to closedposition. To assist in retaining the rubber stripping in place, theedges of the rails opposite the hinge pins are provided with lips I68which extend toward one another part way across the space between eachpair of sashes and act to hold the rubber in place.

Top and bottom members and side members of the metal window frame, intowhich each pair of sashes is mounted, are of the same formation.Referring to Fig. 11 top and bottom window frame members for each pairof sashes are indicated at I10 and H2 respectively. A side frame memberis indicated at H4 in Fig. 13 and it is understood that the oppositeside member is of similar formation. These window frame memberscorrespond in shape to one another and as shown are generally L-shapedin formation.

The inner and outer window frame members I I0, H2 and IM are separatedby a filler strip I I8 of suitable material formed to cooperate with andfit between the inner and outer window frame members. The inner andouter window frame members are assembled and securely held together bythrough bolts or machine screws I 20 properly locating the frames withrespect to one another and extending through the filler strips tosecurely fasten all these elements together. The filler strip forms the"surrounds that extend around the sides and top and bottom of thebuilding wall opening. The window frames, surrounds, sashes, glass,locks, weather strip seals, et cetera, are factory assembled in completeform and need only be secured into the building wall opening to-provideacompletely installed window structure.

The top and bottom members I It and I I2 of the window frame are formedas-shown to produce tracks of channel formation along thetop and bottomof the window to guide the roller assemblies or casters which in turnare attached to the outer corners of each pair of sashes by hinges as inthe previously described embodiment of the invention. Referring to Figs.ll, 15 and 16,- each roller assembly or caster comprises a block I22 inwhich a plurality of spherical rollers or balls I24 are carried. Threerollers are shown for each block in the present embodiment of the in--vention and it is understood their number may be varied for difierentadaptations of theinvention; An important feature of the invention aspointed out in the previous modification thereof is the fact that theserollers are carriedby their' respective tracks in such a way that notonly do the peripheral portions project into' engagementwith the basesof the channel'shaped frame mem-' bers but also the peripheral portionsproject laterally for engagement with fianges orwebs on either side ofthe frame members. The rollers are carried in recesses formed in theblocl s"I22 in the manner shown in Fig. 16 to 'obtain'this desiredaction. When the three rollers are in use as illustrated herein tworollers are preferably Referring to Fig. 15, each roller block or'casteri222 is provided with a right angledextension I26" arranged to extendaround the-corner of its'respective sash and between the sash and the adjacent side of the frame member-I I4; Fixed in the block extension I26is a short vertitralpinIZfi which is substantially centrallylocatedinthe space between the sash and the sideframemem ber. sash bywelding or other suitable means is'a hinge member E39 which is provided'with" a longitudinal bore in Whichthepin l'28is' closely fitted and isfree to rotate relativelyt'heretor The hinge member I30 being fixed't'o'thesa'sh and free to pivot on the pin allows the corner of the sash toswing in an arc about'the'axis of the pin when the sash is movedto openposition. It

is to be noted that each hingeassembly'by this construction andarrangement isconcealed from view and inaccessible and tamper proof whenthe sashes are in closed position.

The hinge assemblies for the corners of the sashes extend for a shortdistance along thesid'e frame members of the window structure?" theintervening space between' the hinge assemblies of each side of thewindow structureas' shown in Fig. 14 is a trough-shapedrnember"F32offlexible sheet metal material, the side'margins of which are tackwelded or otherwise-secured to the side of the sash andtheintermediateportion of which is bowed outwardly 'tovt' a-rd the"Extending the "length of each side frame member H4 is a strip-ofyieldable material I3 1 such asspongerubbeii: When frame member I i thesashes are moved to closed posit'ion the hinge Secured to the side railmember'flil of the material I34as shown in'Figsz 13 and-143- This-*formsan" air-tight seal along the sides of the window structure.

Preferably at the top of the outside pair of Window sashes there'iscarried as shown in Fig. 17 a yielding weather strip I36 adapted whenthesa'shes aremoved to closed position to be compressed between the toprails 98 and the outer web I It of the window frame member I III. Thisweather stripping is preferably an elongated band of rubber sheetmaterial arranged to hang downwardly from the outer face of the webelement IIIS. The upper margins of the rubber strip lEIi are secured tothe frame member in any suitable way but preferably by means ofagalvanized iron strip I38 which extends across the outerfaces of the topframe member Hi3; lower edge of the metal strip I38 is folded inwardlyand the upper margin of the rubber strip is folded outwardly and thesetwo fold'e'd sections areinterleaved and compressed to'getherand securedto the web H5 by screws I ifl as shown in Fig. 17. Upon securement ofthe'metal strip I38 to the web H6 of the upper frameinember by screwsI40 the rubber insulating'strip I 36 is mounted in position to beinterposedbetween the adjacent faces of the sashes and web IIt when theformer are swung to closeclposition. The metal strip I38 projectsoutwardly beyond the rubber strip and over the top railfof the sashes9i! and prevents water runnih'g' downtheoutside wall of the buildingfrom entering the space between sashes and window frames as is evidentfrom Fig. 17.

IdFigs. 11.1.3 and 14 there is shown a novel airse'dl for the inner andouter sashes which as ih-the meviously' described embodiment completelyinsulatesthe dead air space between the outer and inner sashes. In thecorners producedby thewindow frames IIEI, H2 and H4 andthe filler stripsor surrounds II8 there are securedcords or ropes I iI of yieldingmaterial secured" or cemented to the filler. These cords or ropes'il ofyieldingmaterial extending completelyaround the window opening andproject 1 intdfthe-planeoccupied by the sashes in closed positio'nsothat when moved to closed position the sashesarepressed tightlythereagainst and provide a=positive air seal between the sashes and thesurrounus." These ropes or cords of yieldring'm'aterial also function tocushion the sashes intheir closing movements thus preventing the jarring'of the glass and the production of noises.

To tightly seal the cords or ropes I ll and rubber strip I36 between thesash 9i] and the frame I members of the window structure, the tracks inwhichthe sashes are guided for movement are provided with novel meanswhich cause the sashes'in theirfinal closing movement to shift bodilyinwardly perpendicularly of the plane of the window opening and compressthese yield ing strips between the sashes and the frames of the windowstructure. Referring to Figs. 15 and lfi; at each of the outer endsofthe top and lziottomtracks'in which the casters I22 travel there isprovided a cam-like surface or lift which itis associated and isprovided with an inclined surface I44 up which the outermost roller'ofthe block is adapted to travel. The inclined surface of each lift is solocated with respec't tothe-roller block assemblies that when -=the'sashes approach their final closed position,

the outermost roller I24 of each caster rides up the incline I44. Thisaction occurs simultaneously at all four corners of each pair of sashesand shifts the caster assemblies inwardly which by means of the hingepins I28 carry the sashes slightly bodily inwardly sufficient tocompress the cords MI and rubber strip I36 in the manner previouslydescribed and thereby form an effective seal. The bodily shiftingmovement is perpendicular to the plane of the window structure andthereby precludes any scufiing or wear of the rubber strip.

The manner of locking the sashes of the present modification of theinvention is generally similar tothe previously described modificationof the invention. The pins of the center hinge assemblies for each pairof sashes -00 and 9292 have the novel function of also serving as alocking medium for these sashes. Referring to Figs. l1, l2, l8 and 19,the top and bottom hinge assemblies join the adjacent edges of each pairof sashes. Each hinge assembly comprises the two hinge leafs I02-I02which are secured to the adjacent edges of the pair of sashes and thehinge pin. I04 which is enclosed between the overlapping sections orknuckles I50 of the hinge leafs. Each hinge pin is mounted within theknuckles I50 of the hinge leafs for upward and downward reciprocatingmovement. Extending along the top and bottom filler members H8 is anelongated metal strip or plate I52 which corresponds to the plates 36previously described. Each plate is provided in line with the hinge pinsI04, when the latter are in sash closed position,.with an aperture intowhich the ends of the hinge pins are received. When so received thehinge pins look their respective sashes in closed position in the windowstructure. For relatively short vertical height windows, the type oflocking mechanism illustrated in Fig. 18 is preferred. As in thepreviously described embodiment of the invention, certain of theoverlapping sections or knuckles I50 of the hinge plates I02-I02 are cutaway to form vertically elongated slots. Referring to Fig. 18 theremoval of certainof these knuckles provides two spaced apart slotsI54-I5 4 in each hinge assembly. A handle I56 is associated for eachhinge assembly and is providedwith two arms Ifl-I58 which enter theslots I54-I 54 and are fixed to the hinge pin. Since the hinge is freeto rotate, the handle is capable of being swung from side to side asWell as being raised or lowered to unlock or lock the sashes.

For long vertical windows where it is difficult to reach the upper hingepins, the top and bottom hinge assemblies may be interconnected forjoint latching and unlatching operation by the mechanism shown in Figs.11 and 19. At any suitably convenient intermediate point in the heightof the window structure a handle I 60 may be provided. This handle ispivoted about a horizontal axis to one of the sashes and is providedwith two short arms I62 extending in opposite directions from itspivotal connection. A rod I64 extends between the hinge pin I66 of thelower hinge assembly and one of the arms I62 and is pivotally connectedto each of these elements. A similar rod I68 extends between the hingepin I of the upper hinge assembly and the other arm I62 and is pivotallyconnected to these elements. In full line position of the handle in Fig.19 the hinge pins I66 and I70 are in their sash locking positions. Whenthe handle is rotated to its dotted position in Fig. 19, the two armsI62 are swung out of their vertical position and draw the rods I64 and I68 toward the handle. By Virtue of their pivotal connection to the hingepins, this movement simultaneously retracts the pins from lookingengagement in the apertures of the top and bottom metal strips I52.

As a result of this invention there is provided a double casement windowstructure either of wood or metal which provides an insulated dead airspace between the outer and inner pairs'of sashes and effectivelyprevents the transmission of heat, dust and moisture from one side tothe other side of the opening in which the structure is located. Thefeature of providing the allaround weather strips or seals, such as 86and I4 I, for both the inner and outer pairs of sashes, and of alsoproviding weather strips or seals 88 and I06 for the hinged edges of thesashes, assures a double air and moisture seal for all the abuttingedges of the sashes when they are moved to closed position. Theseweather strips or seals are engaged by and compressed by the sashes intheir final closing movements. The toggle joint action of the hingeassemblies assists in the compressing action of the sashes against theyieldable weather strips. In addition, the feature of bodily shiftingthe sashes in the window frame as provided by the lift I42 provides apositive tightly engaged seal between the sashes and the Weather stripssuch as the cords I4I previously mentioned and the outside weather stripI36.

The free corners of each pair of sashes are guided for slidable andpivotal movement in inner and outer sets of opposed tracks carried bythe window frame. The improved means accomplishing this purpose includesthe guiding blocks or caster members 40 and I22 having ball retainingrecesses which open not only toward the bases of the channel-shapedtracks but also laterally toward the opposite sides of the channels ofthe tracks. By virtue of their novel relation to the caster blocks, theballs in the recesses not only have peripheral portions projectingbeyond the bottom sides of the members for engagement with the bases ofthe channel-shaped tracks but also project laterally for engagement withthe sides of the channels of the tracks. In the modification of theinvention in Figure 8, each ball 44 projects from three sides of thecaster members 40, while in the modification of Figure 16 each ball I24projects from two sides of the caster members I22. By this provision,the caster members are assured of frictionless engagement with the baseand the opposite sides of the track channel in which they are disposed,and as a result the sashes are capable of movement under light pressureand without the possibility of binding.

For both types of casement windowstructures illustrated herein, thenovel hinge assemblies for the adjacent edges of each pair of sashesprovides not only swinging movement of the hinged edges laterally awayfrom the plane of the window frame but also serves to releasably lookthe sashes in closed position. The dual function of these hingeassemblies economizes in the manufacturing and installation costs.

The pivotal connections between the guiding caster members and the freecorners of each pair of sashes, such as the pins 86 and I28, are sodisposed in novel relation to the sashes and the window frame that inthe closed position of the sashes, the pins are inaccessible, therebyrendering them tamper-proof. Only when the sashes are opened is itpossible to gain access to the pins if it is desired to remove thesashes for any rea-' abs e s son. If such is the case all four pins, foreach pair of sashes may be readilyremoved from the room side of thestructure- When it is desired to cleanor wash the window panes andsashes, both the, outer and inner sides of each pair of sashes arereadily available from the inside of the room. To accomplish this, thesashes may be moved from, side to side so that the washing or cleaningmay be done without the use of extended hinges. The screens beingbetween the inner and outer pair of sashes are protected from rust,storms anddirt. The screens may be left installed in the window frameduring all seasons or if desired may be, removed by retracting the pinsof the screen hinges 35. Either in place of the screens, or alongside,thereof, Venetian type blinds may be used. Preferably window shades arecarried individually bythe inner pair of sashes. Window curtains anddrapes are preferably hung from inwardly swingable, supports so as notto interfere with the opening of the inner sashes, For cottages and thelike which are not inhabited for long periodsof time the screens may bereplaced by galvanized metal sheets to more effectively preventunauthorized ingress or breakage of the window panes of the innersashes.

What I claim is:

1. A casement window structure comprising, in combination, a windowframe having an outer set of opposed tracks and an inner setof; opposedtracks extending in spaced parallel relationship to one another, a pairof sashes for the outer set of tracks having their adjacent edges hingedtogether and being outwardly swingable relative to 3 the plane of theframe, a similar pair of sashes for the inner set of tracks. havingtheir adjacent edges hinged togetherand being inwardly swingablerelative to the plane of the frame, means slidably and pivotally guidingthe corners of each pair of sashes in their associated set of tracks,

said pairs of sashes in closed position occupying spaced apart parallel,planes in the Window frame and forming a dead air space therebetween,yielding sealing means for each pair of sashes. ex-

tending along the top, bottom and the sides of the window frame andbeing compressiblyt engaged by the sashes when the sashes are moved toclosed position, and yielding sealing means carried by one sash of eachpair of sashes along the hinged edge thereof being compressiblyengagedby the hinged edge of theother sash when the sashes are moved to closedposition.

2. A casement window structure comprising, in combination, a windowframe having an outer set of opposed tracks and an inner set of Opposedtracks extending in spaced parallelrelation to one another, a pair ofwindow sashes, for the outer set of tracks combining to close theopening of the frame, a pair of. window sashes for the inner set oftracks combining to close the opening of the frame, a hinge assemblyincluding a hinge pin swingably connecting the adjacent edges of each ofsaid pair of sashes and, providing swinging movement of the sashes awayfrom their respective sides of'the plane of the window frame, meansslid'ably and'pivotally guiding the free corners of each pair of sashesin their associated set of, tracks, yieldable weather stripping for eachpair of sashes extending completely around the window frame and beingcompressibly engaged by the sashes when the, latter are moved to closedposition, yieldable weather stripping carried by andlinterposedbetween,the

interhinged edges. of, each pair of; sashes and being compressed betweenthese edges when the sashes are moved to closed position, said weatherstrippings in the closed positions of both pairs of sashes forming aninsulated dead air space therebetween, said window frame provided withpin receiving recesses aligning with the hinge axes of the two pairs ofsashes in their respective closed positions in the window frame, andmeans providing axial movement. of the hinge pins of said hingeassemblies and projecting the hinge pins into said recesses to lock thesashes in closed position in compressing engagement with said weatherstrippings.

3. A casement window structure comprising, in combination, a windowframe having, an outer set of tracks extending along the top and bottomof the window and an inner set of tracks similarly extending along thetop and bottom of the window frame in spaced parallel relation to theouter set of tracks, a, pair of window sashes for the outer set oftracks combining to close the opening of the frame, a pair of windowsashes for the inner set of tracks likewise combining to close thewindow opening, a hinge assembly including a hinge, pin swingablyconnecting the adjacent edges of each pair of sashes and providingswinging movement away from opposite sides of the plane of the windowframe, means slidably and pivotally guiding the free corners of eachpair of sashes in their associated set of tracks, a filler memberextending along the top and bottom of the window frame between the outerand inner sets of tracks, and projecting into the frame opening beyondthe tracks, at

5 least one of said filler members provided with recesses in line withthe hinge pins of said hinge assemblies, and means providing axialmovement of said hinge pins from a retracted position within theirrespective hinge assemblies to a projected position engageable in theassociated recesses of said filler members to releasably lock the pairof sashes with which they are associated in the window frame.

4. A casement window structure comprising, in combination, a windowframe having on each of two opposite sides thereof an outer sash guidingtracl and an inner sash guiding track extending parallel to one anotherand running the, full length of the side of the window frame, a pair ofsashes for said outer set of tracks having their adjacent edges hingedtogether and being outwardly swingable relative to the plane of thewindow frame, a similar pair of sashes for said inner set of trackshaving their adjacent edges hinged together and being inwardly swingablerelative to the plane of the windowframe, means slidably and pivotallguiding the outside corners of each pair of sashes in their respectivetracks including caster members slidable in the tracks and movable fromone endto the other end thereof and hinges connected to therespectivecaster members and to the associated corners and providingsimultaneous slidable and pivotal movement of the corners as the pairsof sashes ofon the dead air space side thereof, rendering the sameinaccessible from the outside of thewindow structure.

s m n ndow s u ture. frame;

member having an outer sash guiding track and an inner sash guidingtrack extending in spaced parallel relationship to one another andrunning the full length of the frame member, a filler member secured tothe frame member between the tracks and projecting inwardly of thewindow opening beyond the tracks, said filler member extending the fulllength of the frame member and at each opposite side of the frameproviding the inner guiding walls of the tracks, a pair of sashes forthe outer track having their adjacent edges hinged together and a pairof sashes for the inner track having their adjacent edges hingedtogether, and means slidably and pivotally guiding the opposite remotecorners of each pair of sashes in their respective tracks and providingmovement of the hinged edges thereof laterally in the plane of thewindow, each of said corner guiding means including a rotatable ballshaped element engageable with both the track and the wall formed by theadjacent side of the filler member.

6. A casement window structure comprising, in combination, a windowframe, a pair of sashes combining to close the opening of the windowframe, a hinge assembly including a hinge'pin swingably connecting theadjacent edges of the sashes together, means slidably and pivotallyguiding the outer corners of the pair of hinged sashes in the Windowframe as the sashes are swung with respect to one another about thehinge pin of said hinge assembly, said frame provided with a pinreceiving recess aligning with the hinge axis when the pair of sashesassume a closed position in the opening of the window frame, and meansmounting said hinge pin for Xially' bodily shift'able movement to aposition projecting one end of the pin beyond the sashes, said hinge pinadapted in the closed position of the sashes to be axially shifted toproject said end of the pin into interlocking engagement with saidrecess.

7. A casement window structure comprising, in combination, a windowframe, a pair of sashes combining to close the opening of the windowframe, a pair of spaced hinge assemblies swingably connecting theadjacent edges of the sashes together, means slidably and pivotallymounting the outer remote corners of the pair of sashes in the windowframe as the hinged edges of the sashes are swung relative to oneanother and to the plane of the window frame, said window frame providedwith a pair of oppositely disposed pin receiving recesses aligning withthe hinge axis in the closed position of the sashes, each hinge assemblyincluding an axially movable hinge pin adapted in the closed position ofthe sashes to be projected beyond the sashes into interlockingengagement with the nearest recess in the window frame, and manualcontrol means carried by said sashes between said hinge assemblies andopera tively coupled by linkage to the hinge pins thereofforsimultaneously projecting the hinge pins into said recesses and forsimultaneously retracting the hinge pins therefrom.

8. In a casement window structure, a window frame having an opposed setof inwardly facing channel shaped tracks, a sash, means slidably andpivotally guiding two adjacent corners of the sash in said tracks, saidmeans including a member pivotally connected to each of said corners ofthe sash and received within the channel of the track for traveltherealong, each of said members provided with one or more ballreceiving recesses opening toward the base of the channel and openinglaterally toward one side of the chamiel, and a ball carried in each ofsaid one or more recesses having a diameter greater than the dimensionof the recess such that peripheral portions of the ball project beyondthe openings of the recess for engagement both with the base of thechannel and with said side of the channel of the track.

9. In a casement window structure, a window frame having an opposed setof inwardly facing channel shaped tracks, a sash for the window frame,means for slidably and pivotally guiding two of the adjacent corners ofthe sash in said opposed tracks, said means including a member pivotallyconnected to each of said corners of the sash and received within thetrack for travel therealong, each of said members provided with one ormore ball receiving recesses opening out toward the base of the channeland opening out laterally toward the opposite sides of the channel ofthe track, and a ball carried in each of said recesses having a diametergreater than the dimension of the recess such that peripheral portionsof the ball project beyond said openings of the recess for engagementwith the base of the channel of the track in which the member isdisposed and with the opposite sides of the channel of the track.

10. A casement window structure comprising, in combination, a windowframe having on each of two opposite sides thereof an outer sash guidingtrack and an inner sash guiding track extending in spaced parallelrelationship to one another and running the full length of the side ofthe window frame, a pair of sashes for said outer tracks having theiradjacent edges hinged together and outwardly swingable with respect tothe plane of the window frame, a similar pair of sashes for said innertracks having their adlacent edges hinged together and inwardlyswingable with respect to the plane of the window frame, means slidablyand pivotally guiding the outer corners of each pair of hinged sashes inthe tracks with which it is associated and providing travel of eachoutside corner substantially the full length of the track in which it isguided, yielding sealing means extending along the top, bottom and thesides of the window frame and compressibly engageable by the sashes whenthe sashes are swung to closed position in the window frame, andyielding sealing means swung to closed position in the window frame,

said sashes, in closed position occupying slightly spaced apart parallelplanes in the window frame and cooperating with the sealing means toform an insulated dead air space therebetween.

11. A casement window structure comprising, in combination, a windowframe having an outer set of opposed tracks and an inner set of opposedtracks extending in spaced parallel relationship to one another, a pairof sashes for the outer set of tracks having their adjacent edges hingedtogether and being outwardly swingable relative to the plane of theframe, a similar pair of sashes for the inner set of tracks having theiradjacent edges hinged together and being inwardly swingable relative tothe plane of the frame, means slidably and pivotally guiding the cornersof each pair of sashes in their associated set of tracks, said pairs ofsashes, in closed position, occupying spaced apart parallel planes inthe window frame and forming a dead air space therebetween, yieldingsealing means for each pair of sashes extending along the top, bottomand sides of the window frame and being compressibly engaged by thesashes when the sashes are moved to closed position, yielding sealingmeans carried by one sash of each pair of sashes along the hinged edgethereof adapted to be compressibly engaged by the hinged edge of theother sash when the sashes are moved to closed position, a screen forthe opening of the window frame, and means mounting the screen in thewindow frame and between said inner and outer sets of opposed tracks.

12. In a casement window structure, a window frame having a pair ofopposed inwardly facing channel shaped tracks, a sash, means slidablyand pivotally guiding two adjacent corners of the sash in said opposedtracks, said means including a caster member pivotally connected to eachof said corners of the sash and received within the channel of theadjacent track for travel therealong, said caster members each carryingat least one ball, and peripheral portions of said balls projectingbeyond the caster members for engagement with the base and at least oneside of the channel of the track.

SAMUEL L. POTTS.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 284,117 Byar Aug. 28, 18831,452,732 Dutcher Apr. 24, 1923 1,781,272 Cummings 2. Nov. 11, 19301,832,246 Sampson Nov. 17, 1931 1,910,102 Godfrey May 23, 1933 2,019,105Van Voorhees Oct. 29, 1935 2,076,194 Epstein Apr. 6, 1937 2,084,069Westrope June 15, 1937 2,267,977 Hunt Dec. 30, 1941 2,286,899Crescentini June 16, 1942 2,330,696 Exiner Sept. 28, 1943 2,336,922Bowron Dec. 14, 1943 2,388,404 Gill Nov. 6, 1945 FOREIGN PATENTS NumberCountry Date 241,816 Great Britain 1925

